Lorentz-non-invariant counter-terms in QCD in a general axial gauge

It is shown in the context of a pure Yang-Mills theory that the solution of the Slavnov-Taylor identities in a general axial gauge admits counter-terms which may or may not be Lorentz invariant. It follows from the background field method that these counter-terms must be gauge invariant. The Lorentz-non-invariant counter-terms appear already at the one-loop level and depend both on the gauge parameter α and the non-covariant vector n_ω.     

Synthesis and properties of bio‐based polyurethanes bearing hydroxy groups derived from alditols

Four kinds of bio‐based polyurethanes bearing hydroxy groups in the pendants were synthesized by the polyaddition of D ‐mannitol‐ and D,L ‐erythritol‐derived diols (1,2:5,6‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐D ‐mannitol and 1,2‐O‐isopropylidene‐D,L ‐erythritol) with hexamethylene diisocyanate and methyl (S)‐2,6‐diisocyanatohexanoate and the subsequent deprotection of the isopropylidene groups. They were hydrolyzed much more quickly than the corresponding protected polyurethanes at 50 °C and pH 7.0, although their hydrolytic degradation rate was lower than that of polyurethanes with saccharic and glucuronic lactone groups, which had been reported in our previous articles. The introduction of D ‐mannitol units to the polyether‐polyurethanes containing poly(oxytetramethylene) glycol units also enhanced their hydrolyzibility. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011     

Chemical modification of chain end in nylon 4 and improvement of its thermal stability

Two kinds of nylon 4 having an acyllactam group at one or both chain ends were synthesized by the anionic ring‐opening polymerization of 2‐pyrrolidone using N‐benzoyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (BP) or N,N′‐isophthaloylbis‐2‐pyrrolidone (IPP) and potassium tert‐butoxide as an initiator and a catalyst, respectively, and carefully isolated with the suppression of moisture adsorption. The acyllactam at one chain end in the low molecular weight of nylon 4 was quantitatively converted to other functional groups such as carboxy, amine and so on, which were confirmed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI TOF) mass spectroscopy. Terminal acyllactam groups telechelating in the nylon 4 at both chain ends were also modified to carboxy and amino groups. From the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermal decomposition point of the modified nylon 4 was increased in comparison with that of the original acyllactam‐type nylon 4, although the acyllactam chain end caused the backbiting depolymerization accompanied with the generation of 2‐pyrrolidone monomer. The direct heating of the acyllactam‐telechelic low molecular weight of nylon 4 mixed with the diamine in bulk also led to improve its thermal stability significantly by the chain extension through the polyaddition reaction. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011     

A new diterpenoid glucoside and two new diterpenoids from the fruit of Vitex agnus-castus

A new labdane-type diterpenoid glucoside and two new labdane-type diterpenoids were isolated from the fruit (chasteberry) of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae) along with 14 known compounds comprising seven labdane-type diterpenoids, one halimane-type diterpenoid, two oleanane-type triterpenoids, two ursane-type triterpenoids, one aromadendrane-type sesquiterpenoid, and one flavonoid. Their structures were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic data as well as chemical evidence. Furthermore, the antioxidative activities of the flavonoid were evaluated using five different analyses.     

Oleanene glycosides of the aerial parts and seeds of Bupleurum falcatum and the aerial parts of Bupleurum rotundifolium, and their evaluation as anti-hepatitis agents

To facilitate effective resource utilization, we have investigated triterpene saponins such as saikosaponin from the aerial parts of Bupleurum (B.) falcatum L., which are commonly discarded. Seven oleanene saponins were isolated from this plant; they were classified as the 13,28-epoxy type, 12-ene type, 9(11),12-diene type, and 28-acid type on the basis of their structural characteristics. For comparison, we also examined the oleanene saponins of the seeds of B. falcatum and the aerial parts of B. rotundifolium L. to obtain seven saponins and one sapogenol from the former and thirteen oleanene saponins from the latter. Several compounds obtained from them were investigated for their hepatoprotective activity and hepatotoxicity. The 13,28-epoxy type saponins had hepatoprotectivity. Ursane type showed hepatotoxicity from middle concentration. The 11,13(18)-diene type saponins did not express hepatoprotective activity. The 28-acid type saponin which has a glucosyl carboxy group showed hepatoprotective action.     

Garlicnin A from the fraction regulating macrophage activation of Allium sativum

Garlicnin A (1), a new stable, sulfur-containing compound isolated from a fraction of the acetone extracts of Allium sativum L. garlic bulbs, showed the potential to suppress tumor cell proliferation by inhibiting the polarization of M2 alternatively activated macrophages, and its structure was characterized as 3,4-dimethyl-5-(4,5-dithia-1E,7-octadiene)-tetrahydrothiophene-2-sulfoxide-S-oxide, on the basis of the results of spectroscopic analysis results.     

Asymmetric thio-Michael/nucleophilic addition domino reaction with chiral N-sulfinimines

Optically active N-sulfinimines underwent stereoselective Michael/nucleophilic addition domino reaction triggered by magnesium thiolate to give alpha-phenylthiomethyl-beta-(N-sulfinylamino) esters in high diastereomeric excess. The adducts were readily converted into optically active alpha-methylene-beta-(N-sulfinylamino)esters so that this reaction provides a useful asymmetric aza-Baylis-Hillman-equivalent method.     

Synthesis of glycopolymers bearing mannaric pendants as inhibitors on the β‐glucuronidase activity: The inhibition mechanisms of mannaric‐ and glucaric‐compounds

A new styrene derivative having D ‐mannaric moiety, N‐p‐vinylbenzyl‐D ‐mannaramic acid (VB‐D ‐ManaH, 8 ) was synthesized though the ring‐opening reaction of D ‐mannaro‐1,4:6,3‐dilactone (D ‐MDL) with p‐vinylbenzylamine. VB‐D ‐ManaH was copolymerized with acrylamide (AAm) to give novel polymers having D ‐mannaric moiety in the pendants, P(VB‐D ‐ManaH‐co‐AAm), 10 . The resulting glycomonomer and polymer ( 8 and 10 ) bearing D ‐mannaric pendants were found to inhibit the β‐glucuronidase activity, although the inhibition ability of the corresponding saccharodilactone (D ‐MDL) was known to be low. Additionally, the inhibition ability of P(VB‐D ‐ManaH‐co‐AAm), 10 , was almost the same as that of the glycopolymer having D ‐glucaric pendants, P(VB‐6‐D ‐GlcaH‐co‐AAm), 1 , which was one of the most effective inhibitors for β‐glucuronidase, reported in our previous work. Thus, 10 and 8 may be the first D ‐mannaric strong inhibitors to the β‐glucuronidase activity. The Lineweaver–Burk plot suggested that the inhibition mechanisms of 10 and 8 were more complicated than in the case of the competitive and uncompetitive inhibition of N‐p‐(vinylbenzyl)‐6‐D ‐glucaramic ( 11 ) and N‐p‐(vinylbenzyl)‐1‐D ‐glucaramic acids ( 12 ), respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 2032–2042, 2009